FICO is the credit-scoring model used in around 90% of US lending decisions. It looks at payment history, amounts owed, length of history, new credit, and credit mix.
Multiple FICO versions exist (FICO 8, FICO 9, FICO 10) and different lenders use different versions. VantageScore is a competing model with similar inputs but slightly different weighting.
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How is FICO different from VantageScore?
Both go 300–850 in most versions and use similar data, but weight some factors differently. Scores can differ by 20–50 points between the models.